Florida's 2023 Tort Reform Law Reshapes Civil Litigation Landscape

Florida's civil litigation environment has undergone substantial transformation since Governor Ron DeSantis signed House Bill 837 into law on March 24, 2023. This comprehensive tort reform legislation represents one of the most significant overhauls of Florida's civil justice system in state history, affecting numerous aspects of personal injury claims and civil lawsuits. The changes implemented through HB 837 have created new challenges for personal injury attorneys and plaintiffs seeking compensation for injuries and damages.

One of the most impactful changes introduced by HB 837 concerns Florida's statute of limitations for negligence claims. The legislation reduced the filing deadline from four years to just two years, fundamentally altering the timeline available to injured parties for initiating legal action. This shortened timeframe places increased pressure on potential plaintiffs to act quickly following an incident, as the statute of limitations serves as the legal deadline for filing lawsuits. Once this period expires, the right to seek legal recourse is essentially forfeited, with only limited exceptions such as tolling provisions or cases involving minor plaintiffs.

The reform also significantly altered Florida's approach to comparative negligence, transitioning from a pure comparative negligence model to a modified comparative negligence system. Under the new framework, plaintiffs cannot recover damages if they are found to be more than 50% at fault for the incident causing their injuries. This represents a dramatic shift from the previous system where plaintiffs could still recover damages even when bearing the majority of responsibility for an accident, though their recovery would be reduced by their percentage of fault.

These legislative changes have created a more challenging environment for personal injury plaintiffs across Florida. The combination of shortened filing deadlines and stricter negligence standards requires more immediate action and careful case evaluation following accidents or injuries. The reforms affect various types of personal injury cases, including those involving automobile accidents, workplace injuries, and wrongful death claims. The implications extend beyond individual plaintiffs to impact insurance companies, healthcare providers, and the broader legal community operating within Florida's civil justice system.

The sweeping nature of HB 837's provisions underscores the importance of understanding these legal changes for anyone potentially involved in civil litigation in Florida. The legislation's effects continue to unfold as courts interpret and apply the new standards, creating evolving precedents that will shape Florida's civil justice landscape for years to come. These reforms represent a significant policy shift aimed at reducing litigation costs and changing how negligence claims are processed throughout the state.