The American Heart Association has issued guidance emphasizing that understanding cholesterol and managing it early through healthy habits, regular screening, and informed care is crucial for maintaining heart and brain health. With abundant information available, the organization aims to clarify why cholesterol matters and how lifestyle choices impact long-term cardiovascular wellness.
Cholesterol is a waxy substance produced by the body for essential functions like building cells and making certain hormones. The primary concern is elevated levels of "bad" cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) in the blood, which can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. Conversely, sufficient "good" cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein, or HDL) can help reduce this risk. "Cholesterol itself isn't the enemy – our bodies need moderate levels to function," said Roger S. Blumenthal, MD, FAHA, chair of the 2026 Dyslipidemia Guideline writing group and an American Heart Association national volunteer expert and cardiologist. "The goal is balance. Healthy lifestyle habits are a powerful step in keeping LDL cholesterol in a healthy range and protecting your heart and brain over the long term."
It is important to distinguish between blood cholesterol, measured via tests, and dietary cholesterol. Excessive blood cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup in arteries (atherosclerosis), raising the risk of heart disease and stroke. Blood cholesterol levels are influenced by overall eating patterns, lifestyle habits, genetics, and other health factors, not solely by cholesterol in foods. The American Heart Association recommends enjoying vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans, nuts, seeds, unsaturated fats, and lean proteins as part of a healthy eating pattern, while limiting ultra-processed foods high in saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium.
Adults aged 19 and older should have their cholesterol checked at least every five years, as per American Heart Association guidelines. A lipid profile, or cholesterol test, provides results for HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and total blood cholesterol. Other risk factors like age, family history, and smoking status should also be considered to determine heart disease or stroke risk. Individuals are advised to work with healthcare professionals to interpret results and design personalized treatment plans.
For many, healthy lifestyle habits form the foundation of cholesterol management. This includes eating a nutritious diet, engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, getting adequate sleep, avoiding tobacco products, and managing blood pressure and blood sugar. In addition to lifestyle changes, some individuals may require cholesterol-lowering medications based on their overall risk. If side effects occur, consulting a healthcare professional is recommended to adjust the treatment plan and support long-term heart health.
High cholesterol is not exclusive to adults; it can begin in childhood, especially for those with inherited conditions or other risk factors. Early screening is crucial, with recommendations for children not previously screened between ages 9-11 to assess risk and guide care. Initiating wellness habits such as prioritizing healthy foods, daily exercise, and sufficient sleep during childhood can help reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke into adulthood. For more information and heart health resources, visit Heart.org/KnowYourCholesterol.
