Nearly half of adults in the United States have high blood pressure, and many are unaware of it, according to the American Heart Association. Of those diagnosed, about 75% do not have the condition under control. High blood pressure, or hypertension, occurs when the force of blood flowing through blood vessels is consistently too high, making the heart work harder and damaging arteries. This increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health problems, and is the leading risk factor for stroke and heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Emerging evidence also links high blood pressure to cognitive decline and dementia.
Anyone can develop high blood pressure, including children and young adults, which is why the American Heart Association encourages everyone to have their blood pressure checked at annual physicals or wellness checkups. For those with a history or risk factors, more frequent measurements may be recommended. Major risk factors include excess weight, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, and a diet high in sodium and low in potassium. Because high blood pressure typically shows no symptoms, it is often called a “silent killer.”
To get an accurate blood pressure reading, the Association recommends sitting in a chair with back support and both feet flat on the ground. Use a validated, automatic, cuff-style upper-arm monitor, remove clothing over the arm, and rest for at least five minutes. Extend the arm and support it at heart level while staying quiet and still. Take multiple readings and record the results, aiming to measure at the same time each day. For most adults, a normal reading should be less than 120/80 mm Hg.
If diagnosed with high blood pressure, quick action can significantly lower the risk of severe health consequences, including heart attack and stroke. The Association advises working with a healthcare professional to design a treatment plan, which may include lifestyle changes to diet or activity levels, or medication. Preventing high blood pressure is possible through small steps like eating a heart-healthy diet, staying active, and maintaining a healthy weight. For those already diagnosed, maintaining a healthy weight by staying active (at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week) and eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains are important. Even losing 5% of body weight can help improve blood pressure. Reducing or avoiding alcohol and tobacco, and incorporating stress-reducing activities like meditation, breathing control, or yoga are also beneficial. For many, adhering to prescribed medications is essential to effectively control blood pressure and reduce risks.
For more information on blood pressure management and proper checking techniques, visit heart.org/bp.
