Quantum information science, engineering, and technologies (QISET) is entering a transformative second phase, moving from lab-based research to real-world applications that are reshaping strategies and finances across the federal government and private sector, according to the Special Competitive Studies Project (SCSP), a nonprofit and nonpartisan initiative aimed at strengthening America's long-term competitiveness in artificial intelligence.
In the first phase, known as Quantum 1.0, quantum mechanics and science led to the development of lasers and transistors. Today, Quantum 2.0 focuses on advances in photonics, microelectronics, and specialized materials. As the United States seeks to accelerate its quantum capabilities, SCSP has launched a new limited newsletter, "Quantum States," to examine the history, foundation, and future of place-based quantum innovation. The newsletter assesses states across metrics such as cited quantum information science research, patents, the volume of 'pure play' and quantum-enabling companies, the number of military research facilities, breadth of the full quantum stack (computing, sensing, and networking), and quantum-related job openings.
According to SCSP experts, "Developing a robust ecosystem of quantum technologies is not a one-size-fits-all approach, in which local leadership is guaranteed by hosting the most companies within a region. Rather, it requires a cohesive, strategic effort leveraging strengths within that state." Currently, California leads in most aspects of Quantum 2.0, including industrial capacity, talent pipelines, and market ecosystems. Other established hubs include New York, Illinois, Colorado, Maryland, and Massachusetts. Meanwhile, Texas, North Carolina, and Florida are poised to become significant players, given their high number of PhDs awarded and the presence of quantum research centers at many of their academic institutions.
"The most successful quantum states build strong synergies between pillars of a quantum ecosystem: academia, NIST, national labs, startups, and private industry," the SCSP experts noted. Ultimately, true quantum hubs emerge where industry, academia, and government actively connect. This localized approach to quantum innovation could have profound implications for regional economies, national security, and technological leadership. As quantum technologies mature, states that foster collaboration across sectors are likely to attract investment, talent, and jobs, while also contributing to U.S. competitiveness on the global stage.
For more information and future editions of the Quantum States newsletter, visit scsp.ai.
